lunes, 6 de mayo de 2013

Unveiling Babalon

Seven are the veils of the dancing-girl in the harem of IT.
Seven are the names, and seven are the lamps beside Her bed.
Seven eunuchs guard Her with drawn swords; No man may come nigh unto Her.
In Her wine-cup are seven streams of the blood of the Seven Spirits of God.
Seven are the heads THE BEAST whereon She rideth.
The head of an Angel; the head of a Saint; the head of a Poet; the head of an Adulterous Woman; the head of a Man of Valour; the head of a Satyr; and the head of a Lion –Serpent.
Seven letters hath Her holiest name; and it is




This is the Seal upon the Ring that is on the Forefinger of IT;
And it is the Seal upon the Tombs of them who She hath slain.
Here is Wisdom. Let him that hath Understanding count the Number of Our Lady; for it is the Number of a Woman; and Her number is
An Hundred and Fifty and Six.
Waratah-Blossom,Blossom, Aleister Crowley 
Circa. 1949, Gerald Gardner, the father of modern witchcraft, wrote the Leviter Veslis, literally ‘Lifting the Veil’. From among other sources, the Leviter was paraphrased from the Book of the Law, the central sacred text of Thelema, and other works by Aleister Crowley, including the Gnostic Mass.
In the early 1950s, probably because of Crowley’s sinister reputation, the Leviter was revised as the ‘Charge of the Goddess’ by Doreen Valiente, who edited out the Crowley material but with a consequent loss not only of the power of Crowley’s prose but the iconography of the Thelemic Archetypes of the Feminine.


Babalon, the ‘Great Whore’ of the Apocalypse, is one of the greatest but most easily misunderstood Goddess archetypes within the Thelemic tradition. My work ‘Babalon the Great’ attempts to lift the veil that obscures her symbolism and restore her to her place in the pantheon of Goddesses still worshipped today.

The Great Whore
Babalon has her scriptural origins in the apocalyptic Revelation of St John the Divine. He is shown a vision of “a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns”. The ‘Great Whore’ was:

            Arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and                pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her                       fornication.


And upon her forehead was written,

MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH

And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered with great admiration.
Book of Revelation, Chapter 17, v. 3-6  

Crowley himself believed that the Book of Revelation was a vision of the future, but not of the triumph of Christianity over the forces of evil, but the dawning of a new, post-Christian Aeon. He wrote:



The seers in the early days of the Aeon of Osiris foresaw the Manifestation of this coming Aeon in which we now live, and they regarded it with intense horror and fear, not understanding the precession of the Aeons, and regarding every change as catastrophe. This is the real interpretation of, and the reason for, the diatribes against the Beast and the Scarlet Woman in the XIII, XVII and XVIIIth chapters of the Apocalypse…

Crowley, The Book of Thoth, pp. 93-94

The Beast 666 and the ‘Great Whore’ were archetypes of the new dispensation; the Aeon of Horus, proclaimed by the in 1904.Book of the Law


Biblical scholars believe that the Great Whore was an allegorical representation of Rome, a city built on seven hills and whose emperors were severely persecuting Christians. Even as late as the Reformation, protestant propagandists identified the Papacy with the ‘Great Whore’ of the Apocalypse.

Others writers have probably mis-identified Babalon with ancient Babylonian goddesses such as Ishtar & Astarte, goddesses of sexual love who both had benevolent and terrifying aspects. Babalon has also been identified, in her demonic form, with Lilith, the legendary first wife of Adam. However, the “Great Whore of Babylon’s” name is probably a reference to the so-called ‘Babylonish Captivity’ of the Jews by King Nebucadnezzar and used as an allegory of the persecution of the Christians by the Romans.

A closer analogy might be with one of Egypt’s most ancient and greatest goddesses – Hathor, the daughter of the Sun God Ra and whose name literally means ‘the House of Horus’.
As the ‘Beautiful One’, Hathor was the Goddess of love and female sexuality; the Greeks identified her with Aphrodite. She was also the Goddess of joy and music.
Hathor had a less benign aspect as the vengeful ‘Eye of Ra’. In this form she mercilessly pursued the enemies of the Sun-God. In Egyptian myth, fearing that Hathor might annihilate humanity in one of he rages, Ra ordered beer to coloured red and given to her to satiate her blood lust. As a result of her intoxication by this substituted ‘blood’, Hathor became the Goddess of drunkenness.
As the ‘Golden One’, Hathor was identified with the setting sun, and the hieroglyph for the ‘west’ was incorporated into her standard iconography. As the Goddess of the West, Hathor was associated with the afterlife, an association strengthened by her close identity with the Sky-Goddess Nut (Nuit). She was believed to swallow the evening sun which passed nightly through her body to be given re-birth each morning in the east.

The various roles of Hathor in ancient Egyptian mythology offer an insight into the fully developed Thelemic theology of Babalon in the series of Enochian visions experienced by Crowley in the deserts of North Africa in 1909.

The Vision & The Voice
The Book of the Law and the other early ‘Holy Books of Thelema’ do not make any direct reference to Babalon by name. However, the figure of the ‘Scarlet Woman’, who is consort of the ‘Beast’, the prophet of the new Aeon, and in whom “is all power given” (AL I:15) is identifiable with Babalon. However, she emerges as the central figure in Crowley’s record of his Enochian skryings (The Vision & The Voice).



Babalon is revealed as the Queen of the City of the Pyramids towards which the Adept strives in order to attain the highest mystical grades. First, however, he or she must cross the ‘Abyss’, the gulf that separates the divine Qabalistic world of the Supernals, in which the City of the Pyramids is located, from the world of the Ruach.

In order to successfully cross the Abyss, the aspirant must surrender every vestige of the Ego-self. This is the esoteric meaning of the Cup of Babalon containing the ‘blood of the saints’. But, Crowley warns, “if a single drop of blood be withheld from Her Cup it putrefies the being below the Abyss, and vitiates the whole course of the Adept’s career” (The Vision & The Voice, p. 23)

The Symbols
The central image of the painting is based on the Seal of Babalon design; a vesica piscis shaped sigil in the midst of a seven-pointed star. 

Vesica piscis literally means ‘fish bladder’. Crowley describes this form as “the most perfect and mysterious of the symbols of the Feminine Principle” (The Vision & The Voice, p.232, n.3).
On the sigil of Babalon, the vesica piscis is divided by a central line and adorned with three small crosses. These are in fact the mathematical signs used in the Qabalistic formula of Babalon’s sacred number, 156:

 
The vesica piscis shaped sigil divides the central circle into two facing crescent moons, all worked in pearlescent mediums. In the Book of Revelation, Babalon is decked, among other jewels, with pearls. The pearl is the ‘jewel’ attributed to the Path of Gimel on the Qabalistic Tree of Life. The Path of Gimel crosses the so-called Abyss, connecting the spiritual heart-sun centre of the Tree, Tiphareth, with Kether, the Crown, the highest of the ten Sephiroth. In the Tarot, the High Priestess is attributed to the Path of Gimel. Traditionally the female pope, in the Thoth deck designed by Crowley and Lady Frieda Harris she is depicted as “the most spiritual form of Isis the Eternal Virgin; the Artemis of the Greeks” (Book of Thoth, p.73). Crowley tells us that the card also refers to the Moon, but in its “purest and most exalted conception” (Ibid).The Path of Gimel leads across the Abyss to the ‘City of the Pyramids’ of which Babalon, the ‘Mother of Harlots’ not the Virgin, is Queen. Crowley writes:

    To the aspirant, that is, to the adept who is already in Tiphareth, to him who has attained to       the Knowledge and Conversation of the Holy Guardian Angel, this is the path which leads       upwards; and this card, in one system entitled the Priestess of the Silver Star, is symbolic          of  the thought (or rather of the intelligible radiance) of that Angel. It is, in short, a symbol          of the highest Initiation.
Book of Thoth, p.74

The pearlescent Sigil of Babalon is shown surrounded by a seven-pointed silver star, forming the Seal of Babalon. Its silver points allude to the drawn swords of the seven eunuchs who guard Babalon in Crowley’s poem The Waratah-Blossom(quoted above) and the seven flames within the points to the seven lamps that light her bed. They also refer to the seven traditional planets of astrology.
Describing his own design of the Tarot Atu XVII, ‘The Star’, Crowley points out that:
Most prominent among its features is the seven-pointed Star of Venus, as if declaring the principal characteristic of her nature to be Love.
Book of Thoth, p.109  

Venus, the Goddess of, and also the planet ruling, Love, is attributed to the seventh sphere of the Tree of Life, Netzach or ‘Victory’. In Qabalistic terms, Netzach is the sphere of the instincts, rather than the intellect, and the emotions that they give rise to. Dion Fortune, in her The Mystical Qabalah, notes that Venus, or in her Greek form, Aphrodite:

      …is not a fertility goddess at all, such are Ceres and Persephone; she is the goddess of                love. Now in the Greek concept of life, Love embraced much more than the                            relationship between the sexes, it included the comradeship of fighting men and the                   relationship of teacher and pupil. The Greek hetaira, or woman whose profession is                love, was something very different to our modern prostitute…


…The Aphrodite cult was something very much more than the simple performance of an animal function. It was concerned with the subtle interaction of the life force between two factors; the curious flow and return, the stimulus and the reaction, which plays so important a part in the relations of the sexes, but extends far beyond the sphere of sex.

Dion Fortune, The Mystical Qabalah, pp.227-228

This is why, in The Vision & The Voice, the cup-bearer of the ‘Great Whore’ declares:              This is the Mystery of Babalon, the Mother of abominations, and this the mystery of                her adulteries, for she hath yielded up herself to everything that liveth, and hath                         become a partaker in its mystery. And because she hath made herself the servant of                each, therefore is she become the mistress of all…


…This is that which is written, “O my God, in one last rapture let me attain to the union with the many”. For she is Love, and her love is one, and she hath divided the one love into infinite loves, and each love is one and equal with The One…
The Vision & The Voice, p.150

Babalon & The Beast
In The Book of Revelation, Babalon is depicted as “a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast”. In this painting, the Beast is shown as seven dragon’s heads, with a total of ten horns, interspersed between the seven-points of the star. The design is adapted from that of the floor of the seven-sided ‘Vault of the Adepti’ of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. There it symbolised the “Evil powers of the Red Dragon” to be redeemed by the crucified god of the Old Aeon who “descended into Hell” and was represented by a Rose-Cross. But, in the new Aeon, it is Babalon, the consort of the Beast, who is the divine guardian of the Abyss and offers ‘redemption’ to the world below it:
   And in her is a perfect purity of that which is above; yet she is sent as the Redeemer to them    that are below. For there is no other way into the Supernal Mystery but through her, and the    Beast on which she rideth…


The Vision & The Voice, p.213

The seven-headed Beast 666 of Revelation represents the solar-phallic energy of the new Aeon. Babalon is described several times as his ‘consort’ or Sakti.  In Tantric philosophy, and art, the Sakti is the feminine aspect of a deity through which the deity manifests. As Crowley notes of Babalon, it is she “in whom is all power given” (AL I:15) and the Beast “cannot truly exist without Her” (The Vision & The Voice, p.244, n.1).

The seven-headed Beast is depicted, as in the design of the floor of the Vault of the Adepti, in an anti-clockwise motion. However, on the Seal of Babalon, the seven letters of her name are spelt out clockwise around the points of the star. It is this countermovement of Babalon and the Beast upon which ‘she rideth’, their dynamic interaction, that gives rise to movement of which Crowley says “Through Her therefore comes Change, which is Love and Death” (The Vision & The Voice, p.244 n.1)


The Seven Veils
In his skrying of the exalted 2 Enochian Aethyr, Crowley has a vision of a ‘great black Rose’. Although black, its petals had a ‘luminous blush’. He notes that the black rose was the ‘Veil of Babalon’ (The Vision & The Voice, p.235). In this work, the ‘seven veils’ of Babalon are represented by the seven petals of the great dark-coloured rose that encloses the central Seal of Babalon motif.

The Cup of Babalon
The cup ‘filled with the blood of the saints’ is the primary emblem or symbol of Babalon. Its esoteric significance has been discussed above. In standard representations, the cup is shown as an ecclesiastical chalice, in which the sacramental wine is transmuted into blood, and contains a seven-petalled rose stained red with blood and a blue, bloodless heart.

In view of the strong Tantric dimension to Babalon, it seemed appropriate in this painting to replace the chalice with a symbol drawn from Tibetan Tantric iconography; the kapala or skull cup.
In Tibet, the craniums of deceased lamas were used to make ritual cups for offerings to so-called ‘Wrathful’ deities. These powerful beings were thought to be able to shatter illusion or cut through the veil of ignorance that prevents the mind from being Enlightened.


Ritually, beer was substituted for blood. But, in Tibetan art, the skull cup was usually shown either filled with blood or offerings of the heart and the sensory organs. This symbolised the rejection of the illusory world of samsara and the renunciation of the ego-self.

In this painting the seven-petalled rose has been retained but the skull cup and heart are drawn as they might appear on a Tibetan thangka image used for devotional purposes.One does not have to accept The Book of the Law as ‘holy writ’ to appreciate the beauty of Crowley’s paean to the Goddess in its first chapter, or to recognise her sublimely mystical aspect in the figure of Babalon.


Gary Dickinson  

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